Effects Of Obesity On Children And Children - 1381 Words

Over the past decades, many parents did not have to get a child to move around. The children would regularly play all day long without being asked; however, nowadays the young children aren t playing enough themselves and the children need their peers to tell them to go play outside. The peers would need need to promote the children with resources to keep them moving. As a matter of fact, the lack of exercise is a major problem, and it is increasing each year; especially, the rate of disease that were found in young adults can now be found in young children because of lack of exercise. Therefore, as the director of this facility in for future reference, the research I m focusing is base on the children s improving in physical health to prevent any disease in the future or at least to minimize the situation problem of obesity that is occurring right now in the 21st century. In addition, play is an important product for young children which can also help them have opportunities to enri ch in their learning and be active youngsters. It is a new exploration where children can be active during play time, which play can help having bad health problems in the future. It is letting the children to gain weight and determining their health issues to worsen than making it better for them. For instance, the Scientist are now finding out new health problems that isn t noticeable until adulthood just like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, high cholesterol, cancer andShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Children1558 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is one of the several major public health issues that researchers attempt to find interventions for. Prevalence of obesity has been increasing throughout the years, especially in children. If prevalence and incidence of obesity continues to increase in children, long term illnesses start producing, which can hinder an individual’s life span. In addition to chronic illnesses being produced, obesity can also hind er the social and psychological wellbeing. As children are growing with obesityRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children s Children1384 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper: Effects of Obesity in Children â€Å"From small fries to BIG MAC’s† America, home of the brave, land of the free and plagued with obesity. For many years this country has fallen victim to obesity and the many effects that it has as a direct result. America has become the fattest nation in the world even though it is more advanced than most countries. We as Americans tend to consume whatever we want whenever we want and this has begun to affect our future. The children of America haveRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1500 Words   |  6 PagesObesity can affect everyone and anyone and affecting nearly 25% of all North American children. It can affect one during childhood or adulthood and sometimes their whole lives if their illness is never treated during childhood. Childhood obesity has tripled in the past 30 years. In 1980, the obesity rate of 6-11 year olds was 6.5%, in 2008 had tripled to 19.6%. For toddlers and preschoolers aged 2-5, the obesity levels have risen from 5% to 12.4% in the same amount of time. (Spark, 2010). ChildrenRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1011 Words   |  5 Pages 1. Obesity and overweight [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; [updated 2009; cited 2009 Jun 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/facts/obesity/en/print.html 2. Jolliffe D. Extent of overweight among US children and adolescents from 1971 to 2000. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28:4–9. [PubMed] 3. Lobstein T, Frelut ML. Prevalence of overweight among children in Europe. Obes Rev. 2003;4:195–200 [PubMed] 4. Wang Y, Monteiro C, Popkin BM. Trends of obesity and underweightRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1702 Words   |  7 Pagesthe goal is to understand why educational implications of this topic. Understanding the role sugar has in adhd is important because it gives caregivers, teachers and researchers, ways of approaching children with this disorder and helps them to develop a better system of handling them so that children are benefited. Furthermore, it helps to understand the impact of diet on adhd. Maladaptive behavior such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in adolescents and can continueRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1643 Words   |  7 PagesObesity costs Canada billions of dollars in health care per year (Tran, Ohinmaa, Kuhle, Johnson, Veugelers, 2014). Obesity impacts individual’s ability to participate in and contribute to society fully due to the psychological and physical consequences, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancers (Tran et al., 2014). Risk factors for obesity include poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle (Tran et al., 2014). In an Alberta based study looking at the impact ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Children s Obesity Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesChild Obesity Having obese children is a problem. The question resumes, why? Are children less active? Are they not eating the right things? Or are they a product of their parents lifestyle? Whatever the answer maybe, we must find it quick. Obesity in children Is becoming an epidemic. And the African American population is leading the way. According to WE Can!, a program of the National Institutes of health 31.7 percent of children between the age of 2-19 years old are overweight or obese. IncludingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1006 Words   |  5 PagesOne in three children in American is overweight. Over consumption of fatty foods combined with a lack of exercise brings on problems that are to be best avoided. Obesity in children can cause issues such as restricting regular bodily movement, all the way to heightened risk of death from stroke or diabetes. Stroke, the third leading cause of death in the U.S (Stroke Statistics) as well as diabetes, affecting 29.1 million people, (D iabetes Statistics Report) are problems that need to be addressedRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Children And Non Minority Children1490 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in America is a very popular issue that has been addressed countless times. America is given the title of being lazy and fat from other people in other countries. As much fun as it is poking at useless stereotypes, it is still a very serious issue plaguing the minority children of America. Why are minority children more likely to become overweight than non-minority children? Is it based solely on genetics or are other factors involved? Not many parents are aware of their children’s increasingRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children947 Words   |  4 PagesAnyone can be obese at any age. Obesity is defined as having an excess of body fat. According to Huang and Horlick (2007), â€Å"Childhood obesity continues to rise in the United States, with now over 17% of children and adolescents considered overweig ht.† There are many factors that are associated with obesity including lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, genetic factors, and environment all play a role. Hormone is another factor that is considered to be rare. A study by the Institute

Effective Communication Essays - 1717 Words

If you or a loved one has ever experienced an affliction that involves a hospital stay, you know that the hospital setting can be a very frightening experience. When a hospitalization is involved, it is not uncommon to feel as though you have lost all control. It is a setting where people feel helpless and immobile, while having no idea what is in store for their near future. Many patients, especially elderly people, upon admission to a hospital, will experience disorientation in their new environment and may become uncooperative (Grace.) This is when effective communication is needed the most. During the summer months, I spend forty hours a week working at the Faxton-St. Lukes Health center. I am a care attendant in the†¦show more content†¦High quality communication depends on skill behaviors and knowledge of the task at hand. Many hospital workers do not exert the proper vitality that is needed to be a successful communicator. Most take advantage of the naà ¯ve and vuln erable patients and think they can get away with putting less effort into an interaction. What we DO depends on what we KNOW. Arguably the most critical component to high quality communication is attitude. Starting with affect I can make reference to how my attitude can impact my communication in the hospital. This is the stage in which an individual recognizes the significance or value of the communication opportunity that is being presented. Being a Care Attendant, the first thing a patient notices is your attitude. In most scenarios, the patient is not going to have a blissful attitude. That makes it even more important for me to walk into that room with a positive outlook on the situation. Many patients will even act hostile or unkind towards me as I greet them. I need to check my ego at the door and maintain an affirmative approach to the task at hand. It is sometimes difficult to not let emotions interfere with this initial process. If I were to act uncaring and mean towards t he patient as I first greeted them, that would send a negative message and I would be representing everyone in the surgery unit in a negative manner. However, if we as communicators can consciouslyShow MoreRelatedCommunication : Effective And Effective Communication818 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication is an extremely important piece in a business organization. Not only does effective communication increase work flow it also enhances and keeps good morale in the workplace. In effective communication has the reverse effect and can be an anchor on production and workplace morale. According to Rogers,† Communication failures may occur when information is not clear or to complex, which causes problems with information recall. When too much information is given at once, incompleteRead MoreEffective Communication1085 Words   |  5 PagesEffective communication Communication is primarily an exchange of information, ideas, or thoughts. This paper will focus on the process of verbal and nonverbal communication as well as the components of each. It outline the formal and informal channels of criminal channels. This paper will also list the different barriers to effective communication within a criminal justice organization. Finally it will cover strategies that can be implemented to overcome communication barriers within criminalRead MoreEffective Communication1513 Words   |  7 PagesEffective Communication Bryan Walker CJA/304 Version 4 May 5, 2014 There are many aspects to the communication process. It is necessary to take into consideration the definition of communication. Communication has been defined as a process involving several steps, among two or more persons, for the primary purpose of exchanging information (Wallace, 2009). Communication requires transmitting an idea, sending the idea through a medium, receiving the message, understanding the idea, andRead MoreEffective Communication3193 Words   |  13 PagesCommunication Communication and Effective Communication Khaled Nashaat Mamdouh HROB 501- M9- ID: 7-3691 Dr. Ahmed Amin January, 21st, 2007 A. INTRODUCTION Determining or figuring out the level of importance of communication in any organization or even between people in their daily lives is fairly impractical. No one can ever resolve the significance of communication because it is such a gigantic topic with many different definitions and understandings. Also communication and gainingRead MoreEffective Communication2513 Words   |  11 PagesINTRODUCTION†¦ Communication has existed since the beginning of human beings, but it was not until the 20th century that people began to study the process. As communication technologies developed, so did the theories. Before becoming simply communication, or communication studies, the discipline was formed from three other major studies: psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology is the study of human behaviour, Sociology is the study of society and social process, and anthropologyRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication1318 Words   |  6 Pages1 Communication Communication remains a critical aspect of everyday life of all people across the globe, be it in the workplace, family meetings, business activity, or any other initiative that requires human interaction (Varner, 2000). According to the author stated above, communication can be only effective when both parties not only understand each other but also able to comprehend the cultural backgrounds of each other. Such understanding is essential in ensuring effective communication withoutRead MoreCommunication : An Effective Communication919 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Communication is one of the most essential tools in management, however, effective communication is difficult to achieve when you have 150 direct reports. I rely heavily on the charge nurses, however, they have varied abilities in effectively communicating information to the staff. Consequently, there is often a lack of clarity in the communication complete miscommunication to the staff via the charge nurses. Clearly one of the most efficient ways to communicate important informationRead MoreEffective Communication780 Words   |  3 PagesEffective communication is the process of transferring information or thoughts to someone or a group of people by way of speaking, writing or body language. According to â€Å"Livestron.com† (2014), â€Å"Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the way it was intended. The goals of effective communication include creating a common perception, changing behavior s and acquiring information† (para. 1). It is important that the personRead MoreEffective Communication And Communication Skills Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagestogether as a team to collaborate, delegate and consult. In order for this team effort to be effective, good communication skills must exist between medical professionals. Many times, messages can be altered and interpreted differently; if the conditions for transmission barriers develop. External barriers and internal barriers, such as confusion and mental status can hinder effective communication. Communication can be both verbal and nonverbal, and it is important to understand that different culturesRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of effective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or anothe r. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the

The Haunted Resort (English Creative Writing Coursework) Free Essays

It was one o’clock when I finally arrived at the Marigold’s Mansion Resort. I am so excited to be here, to get away from home and the office for a few days, even though I so am spooked out to be staying in this haunted hotel. But, like Susie advised, I can’t keep writing websites about haunted hotels without actually staying in one and experiencing ghosts. We will write a custom essay sample on The Haunted Resort (English Creative Writing Coursework) or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, this is it. My first haunted hotel. I was horrified at the sight of the man at the desk. His bushy eyebrows and grey, shaggy hair made him look as if he might be a werewolf. He told me that the hotel was originally the home of John and Mary Marigold, but it had to be rebuilt after it was burned down. Apparently, Mary decided to leave John and locked him out of the home and, furious, set fire to the house. I guess he thought burning the house down would force her to come out and see him, but she got stuck inside or something and couldn’t save herself. He had to rush in to try and save her and they both died a â€Å"flaming agonizing death†, as the check-in guy said. The hotel was rebuilt to look like the original, with a steep roof and fancy architecture. The room is old-fashioned. Most of the furniture is wooden, like the doors, windows and even the toilet seat. It makes me feel at home, with blankets and pillows scattered around the room. Some old family photographs have even been left out on the desk, including a man with dark, sad-looking eyes and a weird fringe, hugging a laughing blonde, young girl. I quickly turned them over. It almost felt as if they were staring at me. Anyway, have to go to bed now. Hope I can find more evidence for the existence of ghosts tonight so I can finish writing the website and want to get up early to tour the hotel tomorrow morning at 8am. Report # 105 Date: 15th November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Arrived at the resort at 1900 hours. The man at the desk looks like an actor from a bad horror movie and would not be surprised if he puts on a white sheet and runs around trying to scare guests at night. He gave me the background story – wife wants to leave husband, husband gets jealous and burns down house, and dies in romantic attempt to save wife. How scary. Looks like they have rebuilt the house, to look like the original one before it burnt down. It’s Mock Tudor with steep pitched roofs and mullioned windows, looks quite pretty. This feels like all the other ‘haunted’ hotels I have investigated – isolated, in the middle of nowhere, always ready to scare people. The room looks as if someone knitted it, with blankets and pillows everywhere. A pile of photographs on the desk – a bunch of smiling people. I guess it was designed to scare us, and give us the feeling that someone is watching us, but why chose cheery people, grinning to the camera? They look way more joyful than my own family. Pictures of a blonde, laughing woman, being hugged by another man who looks so gloomy seem way too happy to be in this gloomy, ‘haunted’ room. Diary – 16th November, 2008 Last night was the night I had prepared myself for! Heard continuous knocking, but was too petrified to get up and open the door. The knocking grew louder but I just tried to ignore it. Pulled the covers over my head and that was when I heard a creak. I saw the door open and close. Questions formed in my mind. â€Å"Was the knocking the knocking of the man? Is he in the room?† Wonder if it was a fight between the ghost couple – the man trying to get in and the wife forcing him back out. Should add this to the website. The hotel is immense, with photos everywhere, nailed to the walls and doors. Got the creeps when looking at them. There are a lot of rooms in the resort, and all, except one, have wooden doors. According to the tour guide, the room with a steel door used to be the couple’s bedroom, the only room not destroyed completely in the fire. After the disaster, no one has slept in the bed ever since. So, went in to explore, and since it was daylight, couldn’t sense any ghosts lurking around. The bedroom is twice as big and neat as my own room back home and the walls inside are painted white, the bed looks very comfy and a cover white in colour with small pink roses sewn on was lying on top of the bed. It didn’t seem as if John and Mary had slept in this room before. Report # 106 Date: 16th November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Something that sounded like knocking could be heard last night. Was typing up the report when situation occurred. Immediately went to check whether the check-in guy was tapping on the door. I looked for hidden knockers or any gadgets that might be placed to produce the sound of a knock on a door. Found out later that it was the heating system with air trapped in it that was making the noise. Doors seemed to be opening and closing as well. It could be either the open window that caused the door to slam shut or the wood expanding and contracting repeatedly, not quite sure which. Old buildings often creak, and only superstitious people find it haunted. If I was meant to be scared because there was a ‘ghost’, I was never afraid. Went out for a walk this morning, and enjoyed the bright sunshine. Breakfast was scrambled eggs with toast and there was cereal as well. Drank orange juice that tasted more like water. Next to the dining room was a door made of steel. Seems to be the only door that is not wooden. Opened it and saw a king-sized bed with two pillows and a duvet that looked as soft as silk. In the corner of the room was a wardrobe as tall as me. Could not open it. On the left side of the bed, there was another room. This door was made of a different type of wood – walnut wood, I’m assuming – than the other doors, which are made of old cherry wood. I opened the door and inside was a bathroom. It was like a proper hotel. It had a proper toilet made of shiny, white plastic and a shower, with a gold handle. The tap was gold too, and as I admired its beauty, I saw the word ‘Marigold’ carved in the gold. Rich people†¦ Diary – 20th November, 2008 Yesterday night was one of the most horrifying nights I have ever experienced in my entire life! When I was in the shower, I saw a tall shadow outside, pacing backwards and forwards. It made me jump, my heart nearly leapt out of my body. I was so shocked I could feel myself shivering, and hid myself behind the curtains in the shower. Then, just when I was about to fall asleep last night, I heard voices. These voices sounded like someone was crying, not out of agony, but out of grief. The sound made every single piece of hair on my body stand upright, and for a few seconds I could not move or even breathe. I hid myself under the covers, panicking. Many pictures popped into my mind, ones of a man feeling guilty, trying his best to save someone. The voices never died down until the sun came out. Went out for a walk this morning, trying to forget last night’s shock. When I reached the garden behind the resort, I saw a statue of a man. It felt as if he was staring at me, watching all of my moves. I dashed away immediately from the artificial man, kicking the scary feeling out of my mind. I walked towards the pond in front of the resort and saw some pretty ducklings as well as many fish swimming freely. Looking at these happy animals, the hotel did not seem as scary to me, in the day. Report #107 Date: 20th November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Found it hard to sleep well last night. Saw shadows strolling outside. When I opened the door in curiosity, wanting to see who it was, no one was there. I looked left and right only to see that the shadow there a few seconds ago, had vanished. Looked for gadgets that make people hallucinate, to achieve the ‘haunted’ effect. Thought over the scene in my mind – no one can run away as fast as that. Perhaps it was the shadow of a vehicle passing? Soon after, the wind began to blow really hard. I got up to shut the windows but the wind just blew harder, banging on the glass used to make the windows. Woke up at 1000 hours today. Noise finally died down at around 0535 hours. Lunch was spaghetti bolognaise which tasted quite diluted. There was a lot of spaghetti but a very small amount of sauce on top. After lunch, went upstairs for a look. Nothing interesting upstairs, just 13 identical guest rooms. Went outside for some fresh air and saw fish and ducks in a pond nearby – looks joyful, outside a ‘haunted’ resort. Diary – 21st November, 2008 When I first arrived, I hoped to see a ghost. What a foolish thing to wish for! My dream turned into a nightmare last night. At midnight, suddenly a bright light from the old lamp on the desk began shining into my eyes. Seeing such an ancient lamp turn on unexpectedly, I screamed the loudest scream ever. I was so afraid. The sudden flame produced shadows across the room and for a second I saw a face, the face from the photographs. Was the ghost angry again, and trying to set something on fire? Then, I heard a heart pounding. It could’ve been mine, but it seemed quite far away, yet gradually getting louder. The lamp light grew brighter and a tall man with dark eyes was suddenly in front of me, holding a bright lamp. He dropped the lamp and a fire spread across the floor. The man moaned. He had a special fringe that I recognized from then photos on the desk. The fire began to burn the walls and I must have passed out because the next thing I remember that happened was waking up to a sunny morning, in a clean room. Report #108 Date: 21st November 2008 Location: Marigold Mansions Resort Am extremely puzzled. I need to get out of here. Went to bed at 2330 hours because I felt exhausted. At exactly 0000, a bright orange coloured light suddenly shone into my eyes. I opened my eyes, thinking it was the sun coming out, but the light seemed to be coming from an antique lamp. I checked before and there was no battery or electric cable supplying the lamp with electricity. Had to be honest I was frightened and could not understand what was making the lamp brighten? I was confused. This time, I had no answer to this situation. A moment later, I heard a loud and deafening scream. I know the noise could not be a gadget in this room because the sound seemed far away. Suddenly, the lamp fell on the floor and it seemed as if a fire was spreading. In the sudden bright light, I thought I saw a woman appear in front of the desk. She had blonde, wavy hair and was wearing a dress. I recognized her from the picture on the desk. Why was I imagining such things when I know ghosts do not even exist? Was I drugged? The more I think about it, the more confused I get. The woman in the picture must have sneaked into my room and set the trick up. But how? Something must be happening to me. Why can’t I find a good explanation for this? Need to leave now and see a doctor before my condition gets worse. How to cite The Haunted Resort (English Creative Writing Coursework), Papers

International Law of the Sale of Goods-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Advise the Parties to the Fob Contract. Answer: Discussion As per the case, the main issue arises in this case whether the New Fads Ltd who is the seller has breaches the fob contract with the Bell Ltd. where they ready to deliver the goods to the Moyvale in the port (Mihajlov 2015). The FOB defines the term Free On Board which was specified in the International Commercial Law. In this FOB it is described that the seller who sale the products will have all the responsibilities, obligation and give the payment of the cost for deliver the goods at their own risk to the buyer. The FOB never transfers the ownership of the good but the ownership of the cargo or the ship is completely independent from the intercoms. The seller has no obligation of paying the insurance and the freight at the time of shipment. The Comptoir d Achat vs. Luis de Ridder is one of the famous case where the seller maintained his duties to ship the goods at the port of shipment and protects the contract when the goods are carried by sea as per the contract. However, they also mentioned in the contract that buyer must give the payment of actual cost, commission charges, freight charges and premium of insurance (Guo and Xiong 2016). In the Wimble Sons Co. Ltd vs. Rosenberg Sons case, it was stated that FOB is the contract where the buyer always nominates the seaworthy ship and the seller was bound to deliver the gods free on board at their own cost. According to the case study, New Fads Ltd who are seller of the computer components and form a contract with the Bell Ltd who are the buyer, as per the FOB terms and agree to deliver the goods to the Nigeria. They have arranged the shipment through the Moyvale ship. However for the negligence by one of the employee of the seller company, they missed the date of shipment and when the massive strike was called it is impossible for them to deliver the goods on time through the ship. However, in the FOB terms, the seller has some obligations to deliver the goods to the buyer by placing the goods on the nominated board and port the goods for the shipment. They must pay the delivery cost and must holder of export license and landing bill. The buyer also has some obligations where it is included that they must give the notification to the seller about the nominated vessel and port of shipment while they deliver the goods. They must receive the goods and pay the charges of goods and as well as the incidental charges (Stone 2014). Therefore, according to the case study, it can be concluded that as per the FOB contract the seller made the contract with the knowledge of the terms of FOB. The seller must deliver the goods as per the contract and must obey his duties. As per the terms of FOB contract he must deliver the goods on time. The employee who is in the seller company neglects the fax and the company must take all the responsibilities for the neglects. It is the rights of the buyer that he must claim his goods on the board on time and if he fails he can take legal action against him (Fisher 2014). Referencs Comptoir d'Achat et de Vente Du Boerenbond Belge S/A v. Luis de Ridder Limitada (The Julia) Fisher, K., 2014. A New Model for Revenue Recognition: Key Changes to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Guo, N. and Xiong, Z., 2016. Increasing Channel Profit in the Sale of Durable Goods. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016. Mihajlov, A., 2015. Termination in regards to breach of time and documentary obligations in CIF contracts Comparative study between the English law and United Nations Convention on Contracts for Sale of Goods 1980 (Master's thesis). Stone, B., 2014. Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: The Convention and the Code. Mich. St. Int'l L. Rev., 23, p.753. Wimble, Sons Co v Rosenberg Sons [1913] 2 KB 743

Social Media †Facebook

Facebook is among the most popular social media networking sites in today’s times. Facebook is highly popular due to its multiple applications and ease of communication it offers to the user. It allows users to share pictures, events and statuses in a single platform.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook has a number of benefits such as the ability to form groups, chat with friends and find information on multiple topics. Facebook is also highly informative due to the multiple pages on a host of topics including but not limited to health, education, science, exercise etc. It is also an ideal communication platform for relatives, friends and members of family who can stay connected to a single platform. More recently, mobile companies have enabled users to connect to Facebook through their phones. Mobile phone technology such as GPRS now al lows users to access Facebook from any location. This feature has made Facebook extremely popular among today’s generation. Staying connected has never been so simple and effective than it is on Facebook. Talking to friends and relatives or family members is now possible with a single Facebook account which is a perfect platform to chat and communicate. A more recent addition to the online chat program is the video calling feature which has gained immense popularity. Not only can one talk to people but also see them live with the help of this video chat feature. Individuals no longer have to yearn to keep in touch with their friends and dear ones. A single Facebook account enables users to achieve several functions all at once.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another very important feature of Facebook is the online gaming portal which it offers to its users. There a re hundreds of thousands of games on Facebook which one can play at any given time. The interesting aspect is the ability to play these games with friends. There are multiple games like Poker, Diamond Dash, Zuma, Farm Heroes Sage and others on Facebook. Playing these games is a unique and special experience since it allows users to interact with friends and engage in healthy competition. There are no additional costs and users can play games absolutely free of cost. Facebook is becoming a highly successful platform not only for making new friends and finding old ones, but for accessing global and local news as well. Most of the news and media companies have launched their Facebook pages. This feature has added the extra benefit to Facebook, making it educational and purposeful. Besides being a medium to interact and communicate, Facebook has become a marketing platform for many popular brands. Today, one can easily access all the famous global brands on Facebook. Several small time businesses have become successful on Facebook. People, who do not have the capital to open a store, have launched their products on Facebook, gaining financial success and recognition. One can buy practically anything on Facebook from shoes, bags, accessories, clothes, phones, laptops, electronic etc. Many of these online stores offer the facility to make online payments and deliver goods to the buyer’s home.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, through Facebook, people can engage in a host of activities such as playing games, interacting with friends, chatting, video conferencing, marketing, buying, selling and numerous others. Facebook is no longer only a social networking site to stay connected with friends and family. It has become a platform with online marketing options for the users. When used responsibly, Facebook is an excellent med ium for several purposes with extremely low cost and high benefits to the users. This essay on Social Media – Facebook was written and submitted by user Conor Richmond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mumbai Call Center

Mumbai Call Center Content1. Introduction2. Investment Analysis2.1 Application from ITSLA2.2 Application from Call Centres for All of Mumbai, India2.3 Application from the IT Manager of Bus Away Ltd2.4 Analysis3. Advantages and Disadvantages for alternatives3.1 Advantages for Application from ITSLA3.1.1 Cost effective3.1.2 Overcome labour shortages3.1.3 Concentration on core business3.1.4 Access to world class solutions3.2 Disadvantages for Application from ITSLA3.2.1 Dependence on vendors3.2.2 Lower morale among permanent employees in otherdepartment3.2.3 Loose control and increase company risk3.3 Advantages for Application from Call centres for All ofMumbai, India3.3.1 Improve a company's focus3.3.2 Human capital and cost effective3.3.3 Legal system3.3.4 Location3.4 Disadvantages for Application from Call centres for All ofMumbai, India3.4.1 Corporate image3.4.2 Problem in accent3.4.3 Cultural and societal differences3.4.4 Control3.4.5 Relationship3.5 Advantages for Application from IT Manager of Bus AwayLtd.3.5.1 Benefit for employee3.5.2 Benefit for employer3.5.3 High quality of homeworkers3.5.4 Better customer service3.6 Disadvantages for Application from IT Manager of BusAway Ltd.3.6.1 Legal issue3.6.2 Tax issue3.6.3Feeling of separation or disassociation among employees3.6.4 Problem of employee4. Recommendation5. Conclusion6. List of References7. AppendixAbstractBus Away Ltd. plans to renew a contract among three applications which are application from ITSLA, application from Call Centres for All of Mumbai, India and application from the IT Manager of the company. This study presents which application was recommended with relevant theoretical knowledge along with guidance for research, reflection and collaboration. Therefore, NPV will be using as a discriminator. Results of this study showed that third application is recommended even second application is the lowest negative NPV among the three application. Thus, this study may help the company to konw which application is the worth to invest and resolve the problems.1. IntroductionBus Away Ltd is considering three applications to provide call centre to deal with customers' bookings and queries which are application from ITSLA, application from call centres for all of...

The Impact of Web Analytics on E-Commerce Essay

The Impact of Web Analytics on E-Commerce - Essay Example Managers are also able to establish what customers need, understand the business environment and make informed decisions to boost business performance. At the technological, organizational, operations and management levels, web analytics has tremendous impacts. Technology has made web analytics possible and effective. With the help of modern technologies, organizations have achieved great goals with web analytics. The paper discusses web analytics and its impacts on the organization on various fronts. The Impact of Web Analytics on E-Commerce from Each of the Following Perspectives: Management, Technology, and Organizational Web Analytics Web analytics is a general term that entails the study of the effects of Websites on the users (Hasan and Polya 2009, p814). Harinath et al. (2011, p118) defines web analytics as the web data analysis. In other words, the business intelligence permits analyst to have an insight of web-based businesses such as customer support and e-commerce. Web ana lytics permits an individual to recognize consumer behaviour and identify general trends on sales so that the business can personalize its services for the consumers and increase their satisfaction levels. With web analytics, the business can understand how well its online, content, and products processes are functioning (Harinath et al. 2011, p118). The process of getting web data and creating a data warehouse entails collection of data, which is, getting data from commercial enterprises, third-party sources, campaign advertising, and web logs. It also involves the transformation of data, that is, making the existing log data useful and relating it to the company’s campaign advertising, third party, and commercial data sources. It also entails reporting of data, which is, publishing and storing the data in a meaningful way such that the directors and analysts can comprehend what they are reading (Harinath et al. 2011, p119). The main aim of web analytics is to transform data collected from various sources to get a meaningful intelligence concerning the company’s website. It entails the process of storing, analyzing, filtering, and collecting commerce, click-stream, and third-party data. The click-stream BI situations range from designing the web site better, understanding the navigation patterns, and comprehending what the users search to personalize the recommendations (Harinath et al. 2011, p118). Currently, e-commerce companies or organizations make use of web analytics software to evaluate actual details. These details include the number of people visiting their site, the number of visitors who are unique, â€Å"how they came to the site, what keywords they searched with on the site’s search engine, how long they stayed on a given page or on the entire site, what links they clicked on, and when they left the site† (Hasan and Poyla 2009, p814). Web analytic software is also utilized in monitoring if the pages on the site are wor king appropriately. With such information, the administrators are capable of determining the popular site areas and areas within the site that are not getting traffic. The administrators then use the data collected to streamline the site in a manner, which creates the best experience (Hasan and Poyla 2009, p814). E-commerce is done through the email and the World Wide Web. Television, radio, print media, web banners, and emails are among the common means

Analysis of the financial statements of three leading supermarkets in Research Paper

Analysis of the financial statements of three leading supermarkets in UK - Research Paper Example Reporting financial results in a transparent and straightforward fashion is a means to an end (Fridson & Alvarez, 2002). The financial performance of a company can be discerned by the different financial ratios in accounting that tries to evaluate the overall financial condition of a company. The different financial ratios can be categorised into liquidity ratios, activity ratios, debt ratios and profitability ratios. Liquidity ratios measure the company's availability of cash to pay its obligations and debts. Activity ratios measure the ability of the company to convert non-cash assets into cash. Debt ratios measure the company's capability to repay long term obligations. Profitability ratios measures how the company controls its expenses and uses its assets in order to generate an acceptable rate of return. Based on the financial statements and financial ratios calculated, Tesco is more liquid than Sainsbury and Morrison. The liquidity of the company is measured by the current assets ratio as well as the acid test ratio. An asset is liquid if can be readily converted to cash, while a liability is liquid if it must be repaid in the near future. The current assets ratio compares the assets that will turn into cash within the year to the liabilities that must be paid within the year. The acid test ratio is a more conservative liquidity measure where the numerator of the current ratio is reduced by the value of its inventory. (Higgins, 1995) The trends of Tesco's liquidity ratios are increasing from 2007 to 2009. This means that the company has

International Issues in Accounting and Audit Essay

International Issues in Accounting and Audit - Essay Example Considering the growing complexity of accounting work, many countries have adopted IFRS as their basis for financial reporting as it is expected that IFRS can significantly improve the quality of information on corporate finance. Although there are numerous potential advantages associated with a common set of global reporting standards, it is difficult to implement IFRS in a way that the benefits of a harmonised reporting system could be achieved. This paper will critically explore and discuss the potential benefits as well as negative impacts/limitations of adopting the IFRS in the United Kingdom. International Financial Reporting Standards, commonly abbreviated as IFRS, are designed as a common global reporting framework for businesses so as to make company accounts well understandable and comparable despite cross-border barriers. The growing international shareholding and trade activities make it necessary to establish a common global language for business affairs with regard to accounting and reporting. Such a common global framework is also particularly important for firms that have a presence in several countries. Today the IFRSs increasingly replace different national accounting standards as multinational corporations wish to keep their accounts easily understandable and comparable across the globe. IFRS are authorised on the ground of historical cost paradigm with the exception of IAS 29 and IFRIC 7, which are authorised on the ground of constant purchasing power paradigm (Legardere, 2007). Although IFRS was initially introduced as a framework to harmonise accounting practices and procedures across the European Union, this concept has progressively become attractive around the world due to the increased value of harmonisation. IFRS are sometimes referred to as the original name of International Accounting Standards (IAS). The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) issued IAS over the period 1973-2001. On 1st April 2001, the new International Accounting Standards Boards (IASB) undertook the responsibility for setting international accounting standards from the IASC (Value based management.net, n.d.).  

Business Plan Of Slice Bakery Management Essay

Business Plan Of Slice Bakery Management Essay Introduction Slice Bakery and Juices is a start up juice and bakery retail establishment located in down town Nairobi. Slice bakers expects to catch the interest of a regular loyal customer base with its wide variety of fresh juices and freshly baked cakes and bread. Slice Bakery and Juices plans to construct a strong market position in the city due to the partners industry experience in the area. The establishment aims to offer its services and products at a reasonably competitive price to meet the demand of the middle and high area residents and tourists. The Company Slice Bakery and Juices is incorporated in the city of Nairobi. It is equally owned and managed by its three partners. Mr. David Williams has extensive experience in marketing, sales and management and was the vice chairman of Eveready Batteries and Harper foods. Mr. Arnold Mwangi is experienced in finance and administration and was previously the chief financial officer with both Luigis Cafà © and Willy Pastries. Mrs. Felicia Wanjiku is a well respected pastry chef with vast knowledge and experience in the field, she formerly worked at Lagoon beach resort in the Kenyan coast as the head pastry chef. The organization intends to hire 2 full time pastry cooks and four part time baristas to serve customers and perform the day to day operations. Products and Services Slice Bakery and Juices offers a vast range of freshly made fruit and vegetable juice varieties that are brought into the city from various parts of the continent. The company caters to all of its customers by serving each of them a carefully made drink that is specifically tailored to the customers order. The bakery side of the company provides a wide array of freshly prepared bread and cake varieties at all times during business hours. Ten to twelve moderately sized batches of assorted bread and cakes are prepared during the day to assure the availability of freshly baked products at all times. The Market The Fresh juice industry in Nairobi has recently experienced very fast growth. The worm equatorial temperature in Nairobi stimulates the regular consumption of cool drinks. Slice Bakery and Juices wants to establish a large regular customer base and it will achieve this by concentrating its marketing and business on local residents, which will be the organizations target market. This will create a healthy, stable revenue base that will ensure the stability of Slice Bakery. In addition tourists are expected to comprise aproximately25% of the total revenue collected. Good visibility and competitive products and services are crucial in order to capture this segment of the market. Financial Considerations Slice Bakery and Juices is expected to raise $90,000 of its own capital and to borrow $110,000 guaranteed by the National Bank of Kenya s a ten year loan. The company anticipates sales of around $485,000 in the first year, $570,000 in the second year and $660,000 in the third year. The organization should break even by the fourth month of business as it steadily increases its revenue. Profits for this period are anticipated to be approximately $12,000 in year one, $31,000 by year two and $48,000 by year three. Slice bakers does not expect cash flow problems Mission Slice Bakery and Juices aims to offer high quality fresh juice and pastry products at a reasonable price to meet the demand of middle and high income area residents and tourists. Keys to Success The following are needed to make Slice Bakers and Juices a success: Provide the highest possible quality product with excellent customer services. Competitive pricing. COMPANY SUMMARY Slice Bakery and Juices is a bakery and juice shop managed by three partners. These partners represent sales management and financeadministration food and beverage. The partners will provide capital from their own savings which will cover up the start up expenses and also provide a safety net for the first few months of business. A ten year small business administration loan will cover the remaining costs. Slice Bakery and Juices plans to build a small market position within the city due to the mild competition in the business area of Nairobi. Company Ownership Slice Bakery and Juices is incorporated in the city of Nairobi. It is equally owned by its three partners. Start Up Summary Slice Bakery and Juices financing will come from the partners capital and the ten year loan from the National Bank of Kenya. The following diagram and table below illustrate the organizations projected initial start up costs. Start-Up Requirements Start up expenses: Legal- $2,000 Premise Renovation- $25,000 Expensed equipment- $37,000 Other- $1,000 Total start-up expenses- $65,000 Start-Up Assets Cash Required- $63,000 Other current assets- $10,000 Long term assets-$65,000 Total assets- $138,000 Total Requirements- $208,000 Funding Start up expenses- $65,000 Start-Up Assets $138,000 Total funding needed- $208,000 Assets Non-cash assets from start-up- $65,000 Cash requirements from start-up- $73,000 Total assets- $138,000 Liabilities and capital liabilities Current borrowing- $0 Long tem liabilities $110,000 Accounts payable- $900 Other current liabilities- $0 Total liabilities- $110,900 Capital Planned investment Mr. David Williams- 30,300 Mr. Arnold Mwangi- 30,300 Mrs. Felicia Wanjiku- 30,300 Other- $0 Additional required investment- $0 Total Planned investment- $90,900 Loss at start up (start-up expenses) $65,000 Total capital- $25,900 Total capital and liabilities- $135,900 Total funding- $208,000 PRODUCTS Slice Bakery and Juices offers a vast range of juices all from a good quality farms in Africa. The organization caters for its customers by providing them with juice made to suite their individual needs. The bakery provides freshly made pastries and baked products at all times during business hours. Ten to twelve moderately sized batches of various breads and cakes are prepared during the day to assure the availability of freshly baked products at all times. MARKET ANALYSIS SUMMARY Slice Bakery and Juices main focus is on meeting the growing demand of a regular local resident customer demographic, as well as a number of visiting tourists that pass through the area. Market Segmentation Slice Bakery and Juices focuses on the upper and middle income markets, this particular market segment consumes the majority of baked and pastry products. Local Residents Slice Bakery and Juices wants to establish a large regular customer base. This will establish reliable and consistent revenue to ensure stability of the establishment. Tourists Tourists are expected to comprise aproximately25% of the total revenue collected. Good visibility and competitive quality products and services are crucial in order to capture this market segment. Market Analysis The previous chart and table outline the total market potential of the above customer segments Target Market Segment Strategy The dominant selected market for Slice Bakery and Juices is a regular flow of local residents. Personal and respectful customer service at a competitive price is the key in maintaining the local market share. Market Needs Since Nairobi has a worm climate for most of the year, cool drinks are very much in demand. Much of the days activity occurs in the morning just before 9:30am with a steady flow for the rest of the day. Service Business Analysis The Fresh juice industry in Nairobi has recently experienced very fast growth. The worm equatorial temperature in Nairobi stimulates the regular consumption of cool drinks. Juice Drinkers in the greater Nairobi city area are finicky about the quality of Juice offered at the numerous Fruit stalls across the area. Despite low competition in the current areal, Slice Bakery and Juices will be located at a place where customers can enjoy a glass of freshly made fruit/vegetable juice with freshly baked cakes in a relaxing environment. Competition and Buying Patterns Competition in the area is relatively sparse and does not nearly provide the quality of products and customer services as Slice Bakery and Juices. Local area customers are looking for a high quality product in a peaceful atmosphere. Leading competitors purchase and squeeze an array of fruits from around the world, make fruit and vegetable salads, a variety of pastries in quality packages and a line of premium packed cocktail drinks(both alcoholic and non-alcoholic). In addition to the companies sales through company operated retail shops Large chain companies vary their product mix depending on the size of each individual store and its location. Larger stores carry a wide selection of fresh juices in various sizes, flavor and types of packaging, as well as an assortment of fruits and fruit blending equipment and accessories. Smaller shops and kiosks generally sell a full line of Juice varieties, a limited selection of alcohol fruit cocktails and a few more accessories. Technologically conversant competitors make fruit juices and fruit related products conveniently available via the internet or mail order. Websites that allow online stores that allow customers to browse and purchase the companys vast array of products and service. STRATERGY AND IMPLIMENTATION SUMMERY Slice Bakery and Juices will eventually succeed by offering consumers high quality juices, bread and pastries with personal service at a reasonable and competitive price. Competitive Edge Slice Bakery and Juices is the relatively low level of competition in the city area targeting this particular demographic. Sales Strategy As the graphs below show, Slice Bakery and Juices expects sales of about $485,000 in the first year, $570,000 in the second year and $660,000 in the third year. C:Documents and SettingsChifMy DocumentswORK_ONLINE2a22e7554c0a4224b23f7935f16cfd66.png C:Documents and SettingsChifMy DocumentswORK_ONLINEgraph.png Sales Forecast Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Unit Sales Juices 135,000 148,500 163,350 Pastry Items 86,000 94,600 104,060 Other 0 0 0 Total Unit Sales 221,000 243,100 267,410 Unit Prices Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Juices $3.00 $3.15 $3.31 Pastry Items $1.00 $1.05 $1.10 Other $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Sales Juices $405,000 $467,775 $540,280 Pastry Items $86,000 $99,330 $114,726 Other $0 $0 $0 Total Sales $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Direct Unit Costs Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Juices $0.25 $0.26 $0.28 Pastry Items $0.50 $0.53 $0.55 Other $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Direct Cost of Sales Juices $33,750 $38,981 $45,023 Pastry Items $43,000 $49,665 $57,363 Other $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $76,750 $88,646 $102,386 Management Summary Mr. David Williams has extensive experience in marketing, sales and management and was the vice chairman of Eveready Batteries and Harper foods. Mr. Arnold Mwangi is experienced in finance and administration and was previously the chief financial officer with both Luigis Cafà © and Willy Pastries. Mrs. Felicia Wanjiku is a well respected pastry chef with vast knowledge and experience in the field, she formerly worked at Lagoon beach resort in the Kenyan coast as the head pastry chef. Personnel Plan As the personnel plan illustrates,  Slice Bakery and Juices expects to make significant investments in sales, sales support, and product development personnel. Managers $100,000 $105,000 $110,250 Pastry Bakers $40,800 $42,840 $44,982 Baristas $120,000 $126,000 $132,300 Other $0 $0 $0 Total People 10 10 10 Total Payroll $260,800 $273,840 $287,532 Financial Plan Slice Bakery and Juices expects to raise $90,900  of its own capital, and to borrow $110,000 guaranteed by  the National Bank of Kenya as a ten-year loan.  This provides the bulk of the current financing required. Break-even Analysis Slice Bakery and Juices Break-even Analysis is based on the basic average of the first-year  figures for total sales by units, and by operating costs. These are presented as per-unit revenue, per-unit price, and fixed costs.  These conservative assumptions make room for a more accurate estimate of real risk. Slice Bakery and Juices should break even by the  fourth month of its operation as it slowly  increases its sales. http://www.bplans.com/bakery_business_plan/images/73ebe304715e411d80d3e39ff995c767.png Break-even Analysis Monthly Units Break-even 17,255 Monthly Revenue Break-even $38,336 Assumptions: Average Per-Unit Revenue $2.22 Average Per-Unit Variable Cost $0.35 Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $32,343 Projected Profit and Loss As the Profit and Loss table shows,  Slice Bakery and Juices expects to continue its  steady rise in  profitability over the next three years of business. Pro Forma Profit and Loss Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Sales $491,000 $567,105 $655,006 Direct Cost of Sales $76,750 $88,646 $102,386 Other $0 $0 $0 Total Cost of Sales $76,750 $88,646 $102,386 Gross Margin $414,250 $478,459 $552,620 Gross Margin % 84.37% 84.37% 84.37% Expenses Payroll $260,800 $273,840 $287,532 Sales and Marketing and Other Expenses $27,000 $35,200 $71,460 Depreciation $60,000 $69,000 $79,350 Utilities $1,200 $1,260 $1,323 Payroll Taxes $39,120 $41,076 $43,130 Other $0 $0 $0 Total Operating Expenses $388,120 $420,376 $482,795 Profit Before Interest and Taxes $26,130 $58,083 $69,825 EBITDA $86,130 $127,083 $149,175 Interest Expense $10,000 $9,500 $8,250 Taxes Incurred $3,111 $12,146 $15,650 Net Profit $13,019 $36,437 $45,925 Net Profit/Sales 2.65% 6.43% 7.01%

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I want all of you graduates to do me a favor and just look around at your fellow classmates for a few seconds and think about the people you know out there and realize: After all of the parties and once all of the euphoria surrounding graduating has subsided, you are not going to see many of these people ever again. I'm sure it's a comforting though to many of you that you will never see me again, and I've come to terms with that. We are all headed in different directions now. Some of us are going to college, whether it be two-year, four-year, in-state, out-of-state, or whatever. Some are going straight into the workforce, maybe in construction, plumbing, commercial fossil fuel distribution or as Jeff Reynolds puts it so eloquently, "You could go into a life of being a government financial allocation specialist." And some of you are going straight to jail. Right now I'm sure many of you are sitting there with thoughts racing through your head at a mile a minute. Some people are anxious about the future, others are primed to get on the bus for the after-grad party. Some are thinking that they finally have their ticket stamped to leave Purple Lake, which I happen to be thinking right now. Some of you are looking at the clock and wondering how long it will be until I shut-up and get off the stage, I happen to know Goset is thinkin' that right now, aren't you Aynsley? Those kids, like Goset over there, just want their little case which actually doesn't contain a diploma, instead it just has a piece of paper which tells you when to pick it up. To those people out there I say, "Just cool off, I'll be done in a minute, the diploma cases aren't going anywhere, so just be patient!" Though you might not be thinking any of those things right now, I'm sure we are all thinking that we finally made it. Yup, high school is over, but we're not even close to being done. This is just the beginning of the rest of our life and it only gets harder from this point on. You will encounter obstacles at every turn, but you must persevere if you hope to succeed in this world. The key to your success will be to know what everyone expects from you and then you must commit yourself to exceeding those expectations, that is what will set you ahead of the rest.

Gallardo’s Goes To Mexico Business Analytics Essay

Situation: â€Å"Growing but not winning†- The US market for Gallardo’s sauces, salsas and seasoning had saturated. Having seen immense potential for its product, it entered the Mexico market in 2001. They have grown 20% every year, and their share has grown from 12% to 15%. They have positioned their products on the basis of the jobs carried out by customers, which was a success in the US. Despite all of their efforts to discover separate, distinct jobs to be done and to position their brand on these jobs, they are not growing fast enough and have not been able to overtake California. Gallardo tried to position itself as a distinctive aspiring brand that commanded a significant price premium, however this has not worked and they have not been able to differentiate their products from that of California. Gallardo’s discovered the job-to-be-done, the market leader already had a product in the market that could readily do the job. Objective: To formulate a winning strategy so as to make it a market leader in Mexico. Hypothesis: 1. Gallardo has not been very successful in forging a strong link in the consumers’ minds between the jobs carried out by them and Gallardo’s brand. 2. The communication strategy is a major challenge and there is a need to re-position the brand in the minds of the consumers. 3. Gallardo has not been able to provide value to Mexican women, who are very passionate about cooking. 4. Gallardo holds only 10% share in general trade which accounts for 90% of the overall sales of salsa, sauces and seasoning. Evaluation: 1. Gallardo 2. Gallardo has positioned itself as a product to get a job-done; however, it is equally important to consider the user while positioning the product especially where the demographics of the new market are so different from the company’s market in USA. As per the case, the women in advertisements were not representing the common women in Mexico. Hence, making the brand distant from its users. 3. Although Gallardo could picture the passion for cooking, it couldn’t provide the value to its consumers. This was mainly because of their premium pricing. For example, a small deficiency in California products can be compensated by a little amount of salt or pepper. For this minor adjustment, consumers didn’t find it justified to pay 30-40% more. They were not getting any additional value of the product offering. The product attributes and usage experiences required to do the â€Å"jobs† were not well distinguished from each other, further enlarging this gap. Their products were designed on experience, which the consumer was already having. In short, we can say that value propositions offered by Gallardo were not unique enough to sell it. 4. The figure of 10% shows that there was very less penetration in the general market. This needs to increase as it shows the huge amount of untapped market for Gallardo. This would include distribution and household penetration beyond urban.

animal testing speech essays

animal testing speech essays "Humans are the only hunters who kill when not hungry." This quote by Steven Spielberg refers to the millions of animals that are killed every year due to unecessary testing. How many of you here have animals at home? I myself have several dogs at home that I love dearly. Occasionaly, one of them will get sick and the vet will give me a liquid medicine to give them. Now, my dogs will not drink this voluntarily so the vet gives me a little syringe to put in the corner of my dogs mouth to make them swallow it. I feel bad enough forcing my dogs to take something that will help them. I can't imagine trying to force something down their throat to hurt them., which is what scientists do to thousands of animals every day. Today, Im here to convice you that testing on animals for the purpose of humans is wrong, unnecessary and also inaccurate. What I want to talk about over the next couple of minutes is, first, how inacurrate it is. Second, why it is wrong and unnecessary, and, third why it must change. They question on many peoples minds- should animal testing be legal? Yes or no? Lets start with the facts. "I think animal testing is a terrible idea; they get all nervous and give the wrong answers." This is a quote by an unknown author refering to the inaccuracy of animal testing. So why do companys and industrys spend thousands of dollars a year on these tests?, that is something i would like to know. Rodents are almost always the animals used in cancer research, however, rats are only 37% effective in determining the cause of cancer in humans. You could flip a coin and be more accurate. Also, less than 2% of human illnesses are ever seen in animals. 95% of drugs passed by animal tests are immediatly discarded as useless or dangerous to humans and 90% of animal test resul...

How Harrison Won the Election of 1840

How Harrison Won the Election of 1840 The election of 1840 was fueled by slogans, songs, and alcohol, and in some ways that distant election can be considered  the precursor of the modern presidential campaign. The incumbent was a man of sophisticated political skills. He had served in a variety of offices and put together the coalition that brought Andrew Jackson to the White House. And his challenger was elderly and infirm, with qualifications that were questionable. But that didnt matter. Talk of log cabins and hard cider and an obscure battle from decades earlier culminated in a landslide that turned out the incumbent, Martin Van Buren, and brought an aging and sickly politician, William Henry Harrison, into the White House. Background of the 1840 Presidential Election What really set the stage for the 1840 election was a colossal financial crisis devastating  the nation. After the eight years of Andrew Jackson’s presidency, Jackson’s vice president, the lifelong politician Martin Van Buren of New York, was elected in 1836. And the following year the country was rocked by the Panic of 1837, one of a series of financial panics of the 19th century. Van Buren was hopelessly ineffective in handling the crisis. As banks and businesses failed, and an economic depression dragged on, Van Buren took the blame. Sensing an opportunity, the Whig Party sought a candidate to challenge Van Burens reelection and selected a man whose career had peaked decades earlier. William Henry Harrison, the Whig Candidate Though he would be portrayed as a rustic frontiersman, William Henry Harrison, who was born in Virginia in 1773, actually came from what might be called Virginia nobility. His father, Benjamin Harrison, had been a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later served as governor of Virginia. In his youth, William Henry Harrison had received a classical education in Virginia. After deciding against a career in medicine he joined the military, receiving an officer’s commission signed by President George Washington. Harrison was posted to what was then called the Northwest Territory and served as the territorial governor of Indiana from 1800 to 1812. When Indians led by the Shawnee chief Tecumseh rose up against the American settlers and allied with the British in the War of 1812, Harrison fought them. Harrison’s forces killed Tecumseh at the Battle of the Thames, in Canada. However, a previous battle, Tippecanoe, though not considered a great triumph at the time, would become part of American political lore years later. His Indian fighting days behind him, Harrison settled in Ohio and served terms in the House of Representatives and the Senate. And in 1836, he ran against Martin Van Buren for the presidency and lost. The Whigs nominated Harrison as the partys presidential candidate in 1840. One obvious point in his favor was that he wasn’t closely associated with any of the controversies gripping the nation, and his candidacy, therefore, didnt offend any particular groups of voters. Image Making Entered American Politics in 1840 The supporters of Harrison began creating an image of him as a war hero, and touted his experience at the Battle of Tippecanoe, 28 years earlier. While it’s true that Harrison had been the commander at that battle against the Indians, he had actually been criticized for his actions at the time. The Shawnee warriors had surprised his troops, and casualties had been high for the soldiers under Harrison’s command. Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! In 1840 the details of that long-ago battle were forgotten. And when John Tyler of Virginia was nominated as Harrison’s running mate, the classic American political slogan was born: â€Å"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! The Log Cabin Candidate The Whigs also promoted Harrison as the log cabin candidate. He was portrayed in woodcut illustrations as residing in a humble log cabin on the western frontier, a fact that was contradicted by his birth as something of a Virginia aristocrat. The log cabin became a commonplace symbol of Harrisons candidacy. In its collection of materials related to the 1840 Harrison campaign, the Smithsonian Institution has a wooden model of a log cabin that was carried in torchlight parades. Campaign Songs Entered American Politics in 1840 Harrison’s campaign in 1840 was noteworthy not just for slogans, but for songs. A number of campaign ditties were quickly composed and sold by sheet music publishers. Some examples can be viewed at the Library of Congress (on these pages, click the view this item link): Tippecanoe and Tyler TooThe Tippecanoe Club Quick StepOld Tippecanoe’s Raisin’The Invincible Old Tippecanoe Alcohol Fueled the 1840 Presidential Campaign The Democrats supporting Martin Van Buren scoffed at the image created of William Henry Harrison and derided him by saying Harrison was an old man who would be content to sit in his log cabin and drink hard cider. The Whigs neutralized that attack by embracing it, and took to saying that Harrison was the hard cider candidate. A popular legend is that a Philadelphia distiller named E.C. Booz provided hard cider to distribute at rallies of Harrison supporters. That may be true, but a story that Boozs name gave the English language the word booze is a tall tale. The word actually existed for centuries before Harrison and his hard cider campaign. The Hard Cider and Log Cabin Candidate Won the Election Harrison avoided discussion of the issues, and let his campaign based on hard cider and log cabins proceed. And it worked, as Harrison won in an electoral landslide. The 1840 campaign was notable for being the first campaign with slogans and songs, but the victor holds another distinction: the shortest term in office of any American president. William Henry Harrison took the oath of office on March 4, 1841, and delivered the longest inaugural address in history. On a very cold day, the 68-year-old Harrison spoke for two hours on the steps of the Capitol. He developed pneumonia and never recovered. One month later he was dead, becoming the first American president to die in office. Tyler Too Became President After Harrisons Death Harrisons running mate, John Tyler, became the first vice president to ascend to the presidency upon the death of a president. Tylers administration was lackluster, and he was derided as the accidental president. As for William Henry Harrison, his place in history was secured not by his fleeting presidential tenure, but for being the first presidential candidate whose campaign featured slogans, songs, and a carefully manufactured image.

Inquiry letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Inquiry letter - Assignment Example Currently, there is a significant decline in creativity and innovation evident from few modern mechanical designs in the market. Consequently, mechanical engineers brain drain from other foreign countries has resulted to lower native based skilled mechanics. Immigration of engineers is a notable cause of decreased creativity among native residents of the state. I believe that there should be no limitation on the immigration of skilled labor. Trade union has however placed quotas on the number of foreign skilled laborers entering the country. The union has also restricted the training of more American young professionals. The foreigners then enter the country and dominate the mechanics profession preventing entry and development of native engineers (Melville 866). Many patriotic and generous American citizens who have felt the necessity for native skilled mechanics have raised the apprenticeship questions. The benevolent citizens have also created business schools to help avoid trade union restrictions. Comparatively, modern business schools are better than the old learning. The new era education provides more sophisticated and inclusive curriculum as opposed to the old regime. Why would the trade union deny an American boy who aspires to become a skilled laborer the chance to pursue his wish? There should be no measures on the number of apprentices awarded. Training of the skilled labor should also occur in profitable

European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

European Free Trade Association (EFTA) - Essay Example Three out of the four EFTA members – all excluding Switzerland – are now members of the EEA (European Economic Area) Accord, linking the EC and EFTA countries for the purposes of multi lateral trade. The trend towards globalization of the world economy is promoted through the scheme of generalized tariff preferences (GSP) of the four members of the European Free trade Association. This scheme allows for preferential tariff arrangements among the trading countries of the EFTA and the EC which resulted in savings of $1.5 billion in preferential imports in 1980 (Brown 1989). The EFTA has fewer such preferential arrangements with other countries as compared to the EC and is therefore less restrictive in choosing the beneficiaries of preferential trading arrangements. Brown (1989) has provided the preferential tariff margins for 22 countries, listing all the major beneficiaries of this system, under which the payment of import duty is suspended on industrial products and small reductions in tariffs are available for some agricultural products. Manufactured and semi manufactured goods enjoy higher amounts of reductions in tariff. This provides a significant boost to free trade in the international context. The salient difference between the countries of the European Community and the EFTA countries lies in the degree to which they are willing to share sovereignty. The countries of the European Free Trade Association wanted to restrict the limits of their cooperation with other European countries to that of economic cooperation, while members of the EC were willing to hand over some of their sovereignty and autonomy over their own affairs in order to receive some concessions in influencing the policies of other countries in exchange.(Henning et al, p 86). For the four countries that are still members of the EFTA however, maintaining their autonomy and sovereignty is of supreme importance and they

Management Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Accounting - Assignment Example hen undertaking a two stage assignment plan for overheads since cost allocation to intermediate pools is carried out at the initial stage while the second stage involves cost allocation to the products from the intermediate pools (Barnett & Dawkins, 2006). A number of scholars hold the opinion that ABC method of costing is undertaken by firms because it is considered fashionable, and not that it gives more detailed information for use by the management. It is a fact that this costing method does not give extra information to management since it determines the costs of the firm in a way that is different from the traditional or conventional method of costing (Rosati et al., 2008). The traditional costing method brings together all the costs of the organization then allocates them to the products that have been manufactured depending on the hours of labor spent directly per product. On the other hand, ABC concentrates majorly on the activities carried out prior to the completion of the products’ production. Here, the costing process is intermediate and is carried out by a firm to assign overhead costs to the products so as to see to it that there is accuracy on the information on the costs of the good. In other instances, the cost activity becomes the activity. Here, ABC provides no additional information and instead divides the costing process to see to the correctness of the cost information that is given for every unit or each product that is produced. Accounting heavily relies on the accuracy and transparency of information. The conventional cost techniques assign all kinds of overheads, which include product level, batch level, and facility depending on the allocation or assignment that suits the unit level best. On the other hand, ABC taps the structure of costs to illustrate the correctness in the information, presenting a particular reason for its preference by a number of firms. ABC primarily concentrates on activities that relate to the production

African American Essay Example for Free

African American Essay Working with African American men as a counselor its necessary to have a strategic plan to be able to work around there ego. African American men in no way wants to feel belittled or not in control. African American men wants to play the â€Å"head of the household role†. According to this case study I would like to do role playing so both individuals can have a better understanding how the other feel. Majority of the therapy sessions would be role playing with some talk sessions. I would like to play the mediator role in this specific case and give homework assignments to the couple. Given that I don’t see Sue as the issue the session would mostly be geared towards Jeremy. Given the Chinese culture I am more worried about how therapy will work for Jeremy. Chinese culture †¢Small numbers of close, lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other whatever help might seem required. †¢Relationships with other people involve reciprocal obligations. †¢Avoid direct confrontation, open criticism, and controversial topics. †¢maintain harmony †¢Faith in personal relationships than in written rules and procedures for structuring interactions. Questions I would like to address 1. Prior to marriage how did Jeremy about an interracial child? 2. What has influenced Jeremy thinking on having a child? 3. Why has the dynamics of the relationship changed since Sue parents moved to the same city? 4. Has Sue parents been an influence on their relationship? 5. Has Sue discussed her concerns to Jeremy about their marriage? 6. How was Jeremy and Sur relationship prior to marriage? 7. How does Jeremy family feel about his marriage? 8. Besides the issue with having a child, what other issues is the marriage facing? 9. Jeremy working more hours, is that optional or mandatory? 10. What are some of Jeremy concerns about having a bi-racial child?

Water Pollution In Rural Areas Environmental Sciences Essay

Water Pollution In Rural Areas Environmental Sciences Essay Water is a vital commodity and is essential to the natural environment. We not only rely on it for drinking but also for its use in industrial processes, cooking, cleaning and the growing of our food. There are many sources of water pollution the major sources of water pollution being; runoff, agricultural pollution, urban stormwater, organic matter, toxic waste, and thermal pollution (The Environment Agency 2010). These types of pollution tend to be area specific (for example agricultural runoff will on the whole come from rural areas as thats were most farms are situated) although this is not always the case, any type of water pollution could occur in any area rural or urban. Rural and urban areas both have many contrasting sources of pollution, all of which will have varying affects on the surrounding environment and its habitants. Although the environment which makes up Urban and rural areas can be vastly different they can at the same time be affected by the same environmental problems relating to water pollution. One example of this is eutrophication of waterways both rural and urban. Eutrophication is a situation when foreign bodies such as fertilizers of sewage enter a river or stream and act as a nutrient for algae causing rapid growth and algal blooms (May Sivakumar 2009). These algae grow out of control and thus the water becomes depleted in oxygen. The water becomes depleted in oxygen because dead algae sink to the river bed the retrieve the oxygen so it can decompose. This can then lead to further problems if too much algae decomposes it may use all the oxygen. This will mean all the oxygen has gone and because the water near the surface of the water is warmer its oxygen doesnt mix with water from the bottom as its colder and has a higher density .This eutrophication of a water body can occur in both rural and urban areas. In an urban area this problem arises primarily from sewage treatment works, if a works has an increased amount of sewage to treat then there may be some secondary or direct discharge that may enter the water supply thus causing Eutrophication (Neal et al, .2010). A similar problem can occur when leaks of phosphorus from septic tanks discharges into a local river system (Neal et al,.2010) although this isnt tied down to either rural or urban areas .This is also very likely to occur in rural areas where agriculture is more prominent and the uses of fertilizers are increased. Particularly in the following practices of cereal production, maize, potato and dairy production where fertilizers are heavily used or large amount of manure needs to be recycled. (Jarvie et.al 2009) One of the biggest problems which can lead to the pollution of urban waterways is runoff. Runoff is also a major cause for concern in more rural areas and areas of intense agriculture. The problem of runoff in urban areas however is contrasting to rural agricultural runoff. In the sense that runoff in urban areas arises from garden fertilizers, pesticides, anti-icing chemicals, vehicle emissions and pet waste. These pollutants are both organic and inorganic and can also be perversely complex, this leads to little knowledge of how these pollutants will interact once they combine and enter a water body. Due to the little knowledge of these interactions it makes it increasingly difficult for an amount allowable discharged concentration to be devised (Kuhl et.al 2010). These pollutants runoff into any local water system via tarmac or pavement areas and because of the increase in tarmac and concrete roads and driveways it makes this pollution easier to reach the water. This non permeable surface which is found more so in urban areas not only makes it easier for any pollutants to travel into water systems , but it also increases the risk of flooding and the risk of storm water moving sewage into freshwater. In rural areas this isnt such a prevalent problem as most rural areas are permeable. Although because of this it makes the control and identification of runoff in rural areas much more difficult to locate. Runoff in rural areas is usually linked to agricultural runoff. This is categorized as nonpoint-source pollution because the pollutants involved originate over larger areas and the entry of this pollution into waterways cannot be pin pointed precisely (which is not the case for some sources of urban pollution). As this rural agricultural runoff is nonpoint-source it means any treatment of pollutants entering any water system is almost impossible, although agricultural runoff can be supervised in other ways such as farmers minimizing fertilizer use and the correc t disposal of animal waste and fertrilizers. However there is another type of pollution Point source which is where pollution will enter a water system in a specific point (such as a sewage pipe). These point sources of pollution are more often found in urban areas where there may be a sewage treatment plants are normally located. This type of point source pollution makes any control or treatment of pollution much easier as it is located in one area and not spread over larger areas as agricultural runoff sometimes can be. Urban stormwater is a major source of pollution to any water bodies. It arises from when rainwater washes over any impermeable urban area picking up with it toxic chemicals, vehicle emissions, sewage, household waste etc. The problem of urban storm water becomes exacerbated when extremely heavy rainfall occurs and the flushing water can erode stream banks and streambeds. This stormwater will then be moved downstream along with any eroded soil into any waterbodys, this sediment will then sink to the bottom of a water body. This can do damage to aquatic environment and can even destroy fish eggs. Excessive sediment in a water body can damage aquatic life in other ways. It can increase risk of disease, damage fish gills and also because of thick layer of sediment will cause darker conditions it may block enough light to limit growth of aquatic plants which is essential along with oxygen to aquatic life. As well as sediment from eroded soil urban stormwater can also pick up metals from t he urban environment, the main source of which is from vehicle emissions in urban environments. Some examples of the types of metals usually found in urban stormwater are Lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, iron, nickel and copper. All of which have differing affects including damage to fish gills and death of aquatic organisms. These metals will accumulate on roadways and then be washed off in rainwater into the water bodies. In smaller amounts metals can derive from other sources such as metal roof tops which are pelted from heavy rain, some weed killers contain zinc and also scrap yards which keep metal outside. Unlike most sources of urban water pollution rural sources normally come in the form of diffuse pollution. One of the mains sources of which is agriculture as previously mentioned, the main pollutants involved in diffuse water pollution in agriculture are nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus and nitrogen are both essential in term of animal and plant growth. Phosphorus and nitrogen are found in a variety of different sources. Animal waste as found in areas of agriculture, also the use of phosphorus and nitrogen in fertilizers contributes to water pollution. The adding of fertilizers to crops also returns the essential phosphorus back to the soil, which gets taken from the soil to help grow the crops to start with. Phosphorus can also be found in soils in both the organic and inorganic form. In terms of organic phosphorus it exists in plant residues, organic soil and microbes. Phosphorus can also be in an insoluble form within soil meaning that plants cannot take in this phosphorus. Wh en fertilizers are applied that contain phosphorus as soluble compounds most of the phosphorus will be absorbed into the soil which can then be washed on directly into a body of water, leading to eutrophication. This introduction of nitrogen can seriously affect the balance of the natural nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen is essential nutrient for plant growth and part of a natural cycle that occurs which if perturbed can have serious effects on organisms that rely on the cycle. As shows in figure 1 the addition of extra nitrogen from farming practices and the use of fertilizers will lead to the potential eutrophication of water bodies. This is due to the when the balance of the nitrogen cycle is interrupted with the addition of nitrogen from fertilizers. As a result of this the natural nitrogen cycle expels the surplus nitrogen which can be washed away into a water body. Figure 1 Nitrogen cycle diagram (source:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9s.html) Although not a major source of water pollution Mining still can influence water bodies. Mines are normally found in more rural areas although they can be found in urban areas, as in earlier time small towns would have been built around these sources of coal and iron ore .Minings primary source of water pollution comes from acid drainage in mine systems. This happens when the contents of a mine (coal or metal ore) oxidise on contact with air to create sulphuric acid. This problem of mine drainage is more of a problem generally in closed mines. This is because water which may have previously been blocked or stopped somehow from entering can now enter washing the acidic solution with it. As well as containing sulphuric acid the washout from the mines may also contain high concentrations of sulphur, heavy metals and iron. When this mine drainage enters a water body the change in pH from acid to a more neutral pH causes the iron to precipitate as ferric hydroxide. This will settle to the bottom of a water body which will deplete the water of oxygen thus seriously harming aquatic life. Mining can be mainly described as a rural source of water pollution whereas one source can be described as the opposite. Land fills sites are growing and growing in the United Kingdom and many land fills are situated in urban areas as they tend to bill filled with waste from nearby towns and citys. Land fills are a potentials source of water pollution as when it rains when waste is being deposited the rainwater will pass through the waste picking up along the way all the pollutants such as heavy metals, ammonia and oxygen depleting pollutants which if they reached the water bodies could seriously harm any aquatic life. Also the waste itself in whatever from this may come in as will contain water and as the waste degrades in the landfill this water will be released which will also carry the pollutants into the soil, which may eventually end up in a water body. These problems will all be more prevalent with older land will sites as new land fills have measure in place to reduce the ris k of water pollution from these sites. In conclusion both rural and urban areas have a number of different sources of water pollution. Although there are some very different sources such as mine drainage in rural areas which causes acids and heavy metals to enter water body whereas in urban areas land fill sites can cause pollutants such as ammonia to enter water systems. One common source that both rural and urban areas share is runoff. Although both share this source of pollution they do both differ slightly. Rural areas will tend to have agricultural runoff where nitrogen and phosphorus are the common pollutants which as a result cause eutrophication. Whereas urban areas also encounter the pollution problem of runoff but in term of the pollutants involved it varies significantly to rural runoff. Urban stormwater which is the urban runoff differs to agricultural runoff because it can pick up many more types of pollutants such as heavy metals, oils and other vehicle related emissions, sewage, household waste and like rur al runoff it also can pick up fertilizers from gardens. This urban stormwater can be considerably worse in terms of the impacts on aquatic organisms than agricultural runoff because of types of pollutant that are involved. It is also important to remember that because agricultural pollution is diffuse or non-point source pollution as previously mentioned this makes the treatment or control or agricultural runoff much more difficult than the control or treatment of point sources of pollution such as urban sewage leaks.

The Scarlet Letter :: English Literature

The Scarlet Letter In most books, readers see events and happenings in their own personal way, which differs slightly from other readers' interpretations of the same book. In The Scarlet Letter, however, a radical new theory has developed on the death of Arthur Dimmesdale. Originally, it was generally accepted that Chillingworth's part in the death of Dimmesdale was purely psychological, but perhaps he played a greater role than thought before. In the book, Chillingworth is a physician who had been captured by Native Americans sometime ago and subsequently released by them into Boston, Massachusetts, who was strictly a Puritan settlement at the time. In the years of his imprisonment by the Indians, he was taught many native herbs and plants of the New World, and their uses on the human body. Through this, he entered Boston as a physician, known to have "gathered herbs, and the blossoms of wild-flowers, and dug up roots, and plucked off twigs from the forest-trees, like one acquainted with hidden virtues in what was valueless to common eyes." ( The Scarlet Letter , p. 120). Chillingworth had the knowledge of a particular drug, Atropine, which caused a sickness that closely resembled the condition of Dimmesdale. Chillingworth's motive for retribution to Dimmesdale for his adultery was very clear throughout the book, "There is a sympathy that will make me conscious of him. I shall see him tremble. I shall feel myself shudder, suddenly and unawares. Sooner or later, he must needs be mine." (p. 80). Chillingworth's vengeful nature consumed his life and his only goal in life became the torment of Hester's adulterous husband, Dimmesdale. He was already showing signs of sickness, assumed by the reader to be attributed to his guilty conscience, and these were only amplified by the poisoning Chillingworth had inflicted upon him. Dimmesdale's physical state and reactions also gave the reader clues to Chillingworth's role in Dimmesdale's demise. Upon Chillingworth's arrival to Boston, Dimmesdale immediately showed symptoms of atropine poisoning, or, to the reader at the time, signs of his guilt and adultery. As the doctor-patient relationship between Chillingworth and Dimmesdale grew, Dimmesdale's health faded. "His form grew emaciated; his voice, though still rich and sweet, had a certain melancholy prophecy of decay in it; he was often observed, on any slight alarm or other sudden accident, to put his hand over his heart with first a flush and then a paleness, indicative of pain." (p. 119). Also, as time progressed, Dimmesdale's symptoms became more severe and resembled like those attributed to atropine poisoning.

Explore How Black People Are Differently Treated by the Criminal Justice System Essay

Racial prejudice is not unique to modern day society, it has been with us for a long time, this has been coupled with the belief that certain racial groups are less intelligent, or backward compared to white European stock, nowhere is this more true than in the criminal justice system. In 1869 Francis Galton published a book called â€Å"Hereditary Genius† this contained a chapter called â€Å"The Comparative Worth of Different Races† which considered that black Americans were genetically inferior to white Americans. Galton stated that blacks scored on average 15 IQ points below whites. (Coleman 1987) We can see that within the field of criminal justice, and with Galton’s work considered that black people were bound to be treated differently due to a belief born out of misunderstanding of the nature of culture and individual personality differences, the hereditary argument has never been scientifically proved or disproved. The 1991 census showed that 5. 5% of the population were from an ethnic origin, with 1. 6% of these being black from an Afro-Caribbean background. It was reported that a higher amount of the ethnic minorities was of younger people than in the general population, and it can be seen that this alone could be a reason for the proportionately higher level of blacks in the criminal justice system , going on the grounds that in the indigenous population it is the younger generation, those aged 14-25 years that commit the vast majority of crime. Crime by ethnic minorities, and in particular young black males can also be seen to be a social situation, and may be a product of sheer logistics. Many new immigrant families move into what is perceived as a high crime area, particularly inner city areas, where housing may be cheaper and unemployment is higher than at a national level. These areas may receive more police attention than richer areas and therefore the new immigrant families come to the attention of the police more than those in more rural areas. xenophobia may also cause the police to over react when dealing with black families. A study by Goreman & Coleman (1982) looking at personality and attitudes within the British police force, showed that the average police constable was indeed racist. They asked in the study for police officers to write a short essay, some of the comments were vigorously racist, comments such as, â€Å"†¦ Certain members of the coloured population that l have met are OK but the majority of youths of the West Indian community are savage ignorant vicious thieving bastards†¦ â€Å", â€Å"†¦. most of them are just dirty†¦ â€Å", â€Å"†¦ over 50% of trouble is caused by niggers†¦ â€Å", â€Å"†¦ smelly backward people who will never change†¦ † (Coleman 1987). In the last 10 years most public agencies, including the police force, have formed equal opportunities policies, these apply not only to recruitment but also to the way people are treated, and is especially needed in the criminal justice system where there are disproportionately more blacks than whites in the prison system in comparison to the size of the black population in society as a whole. It was reported in 1982 that black people made up 18% of the prison population, but only accounted for 5% of the general population. The figures are worse for Afro-Caribbean males, 1% of the population, but 11% of the prison population. (Home Office 1982). During the 1980’s it became apparent that blacks were more likely to be stopped by the police. The British Crime Survey in 1988 found that 14% of Asians, 15% of whites, but 20% of Afro-Caribbean’s reported being stopped by the police in the preceding year (Skogan 1990) The British Crime Survey also reported that there was some evidence that crimes detected by the police and those reported by the public seemed to have a racial bias. Blacks and Asians also complained more than whites about the way they were treated once arrested by the police (Skogan 1990). On the subject of arrest it seems also that blacks are treated differently in this process. A survey by the PSI (Policy Studies Institute) in 1983 found that blacks were disproportionately arrested, they found that 5% of the population of London were black, but 17% of those arrested in London were black. Further studies by Walker (1988) & (1989) support these findings. Landau & Nathan (1983) reported that there is evidence to suggest that blacks will be cautioned less than whites, a white youngster is four times more likely to receive a caution than a black juvenile. Also black juveniles are more likely to be remanded in custody than whit or Asian teenagers. Walker (1988) also showed that black juveniles are twice as likely to appear at crown court than whites. A Home Office Statistical Bulletin (1986) showed that blacks in prison were more likely to have less previous convictions than white men in similar circumstances, the figure for whites was 62%, Afro-Caribbean’s 48% and for Asians 20%. The main finding from these and many other statistics is that black people are dealt with, whether as suspects, offenders or defendants, in a highly disproportionate way, it can also be seen that they are treated more harshly than their white counterparts at virtually every stage of the criminal justice process. It is therefore not surprising that black people have less faith in the police and criminal justice system than white British people. David Smith (1994) argues that the main group in society has a degree of power, seen to be unique and special in relation to religious, social and cultural traditions of the particular society, thus creating an unequal legal system that is biased against ethnic minorities. This can be seen to be the stem from which racial disparities may emerge in the British legal system and criminal process, and may explain why black people are treated differently by the criminal justice system. He (Smith) further argues that the law is a national institution and part of a national identity that is born out of centuries of tradition, and therefore unless changed does not take account of relatively recent immigration of ethnic minorities to this country. It can be argued that there are two main reasons for blacks being disproportionately represented in our criminal justice system, firstly that they commit more crime, and secondly that they are treated in a different and possibly harsher way, so as to be over represented in the criminal justice system. Research in the USA has shown that crime is in fact higher amongst blacks (Wilbanks 1987). This view has been criticised, for example by Reiner (1993) stating that to exclude external variables that effect such findings is almost impossible. Reiner (1989 & 1993) concluded that it is the way in which black people are treated differently from white people in our criminal justice system that created the disproportionate levels of minorities in the process, although he concedes that this is far from conclusive. Smith (1994) criticises Reiner for this view, believing that Reiner is contradicting himself, with little evidence, suggesting that it is treatment that cause high black representation in the criminal justice system, but stating that this may not be believed by some, and is in fact inconclusive. It is true that blacks are over represented in the criminal justice process, what is not clear is, why. Whether we like to think it or not there is still a great deal of racial prejudice in this country, and this alone feeds societies morals and thus its policing and criminal law, this prejudice and discrimination therefore makes it difficult for minorities to gain employment, especially in times of high unemployment and recession. This can lead to feelings of rejection, lack of self-esteem, poverty, lack of self-respect and insecurity. Blacks, as mentioned above, often live in the poorest areas of the cities and therefore come to the attention of the police far more than white youths, parents may also find it difficult to exercise control over their children in areas where social control is at its lowest. Whatever the reason for higher black crime, whether a statistical wrong, or innate criminality, for which there is little support, it is clear we will never get at the real reason that blacks are treated differently by the criminal justice system, too many people would have too much to lose by finding an answer. 1,407 words. REFERENCES. Coleman, A. (1987) Facts, Fallacies and Frauds in Psychology. London: Unwin Hyman. Galton, F. (1869) Hereditary Genius, an enquiry into its laws and consequences (2 ed. 1978) London: Friedmann. Coleman, A. & Goreman, L.. (1982) Conservatism, Dogmatism, and authoritarianism in British police officers. Sociology, 16, 1-11. Landau, s. & Nathan, g. (1983) Selecting Delinquents for Cautioning in the London Metropolitan Area. British Journal of Criminology. 23, (2): 128-48. Reiner, R. (1989) Chief Constables. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reiner, R. (1993) Race, Crime & Justice, Models of Interpretation. IN L, Gelsthorpe, & W, McWilliam (Ed’s) Minority Ethnic Groups and the Criminal Justice System. Cambridge: Cambridge Institute of Criminology. Skogan, W. (1990) The Police and Public in England and Wales, A British Crime Survey Report. Home Office Research Study no: 117. London: HMSO. Smith, D. (1994) Race, Crime and Criminal Justice. IN Oxford Handbook of Criminology. Maguire, M. ; Morgan, R. & Reiner, R. (Ed’s) Oxford: Claenden Press. Walker, M. (1988) The Court Disposal of Young Males by Race in London 1983. British Journal of Criminology: 28, (4) 441-59. Walker, M. (1989) The Court Disposal and remands of White, Afro-Caribbean and Asian Men(London 1983). British Journal of Criminology. 29. (4), 353-67. Wilbanks, W. (1987) The Myth of a Racist Criminal Justice System. USA: Brooks/Cole.